A software emulator of an educational digital computer and a software simulator of an educational digital processor are proposed, ensuring the development of the basic principles of construction and operation of computer equipment implemented in the laboratory simulator “Educational Digital Computer”. Modern processors, microprocessors and their software are extremely complex objects to study and practically master. One of the main directions in overcoming this problem in universities is the use of simulators and software models of educational computers at the initial stages of teaching the basics of information technology. The proposed software models, provided with comparative simple and a clear visual interface, help students successfully master the basic concepts of computer organization and architecture, such as command system, command and data formats, data representation, addressing methods, and the basics of special number coding.

Geomagnetic pulsations, which usually mean a change in the strength of the geomagnetic field in different frequency ranges depending on time and various factors, can be formally represented as magnetohydrodynamic waves in the near-Earth plasma. On the Earth’s surface, geomagnetic pulsations can be isolated from ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic oscillations recorded, for example, in geomagnetic observatories. Geomagnetic pulsations contain various information, for example, about environmental parameters in the areas of their generation; about the features of the development of geomagnetic storms and substorms. The features of working with one of the most common types of geomagnetic pulsations — type Pc4, with an oscillation period of 45–150 s, are analyzed. The processed data is obtained from the international INTERMAGNET network. Since the volume of such data exceeds the amount of computer RAM, BigData technologies implemented in the MATLAB environment are used.

Navigation is the core of mobile robot applications, but traditional configurations have great difficulties in dealing with dynamic human factors. This means that new service robots must not only undertake the task of autonomous navigation, but also be good at social interaction and consider harmonious coexistence with others. This paper designs a social navigation based on improving the comfort of human–robot interaction. The social space costs and constraints are modeled using asymmetric Cauchy functions, and predictions are made using human–human or human–robot interaction, and pedestrian encounters are considered. The difference in the degree of attention paid to oneself, front, rear, left, and right when encountering obstacles or pedestrians establishes the benchmark for the corresponding model. On this basis, a map cost function is constructed, which can use different constraints on the path and specify that the robot does not enter certain spaces, or enter specific spaces under certain circumstances. The A* and jump algorithms were modified based on the map cost function, and experiments were conducted in MATLAB. The experimental results show that the designed social comfort navigation can effectively realize the function, pedestrians’ personal space is guaranteed, and goal-oriented intentionality is understood by the robot. Understanding, coexistence and adaptability of mobile service robots are significantly improved.

Results of the synthesis of an algorithm for optimal signal detection, which consists in alternating sign conversion of received signals in time and compensation of the interference signal during accumulation in the filter, are presented. The physical basis of the algorithm synthesis is the differences between the time-frequency characteristics of the signals reflected from a moving target and the earth's surface, manifested in the time shift of the maximums of the useful and interference signals with equal Doppler frequency shifts. The processing algorithm compares the modulus of the weight integral with the threshold. A block diagram of an optimal detector is developed. The dependence of the weight vector of optimal processing normalized by amplitude on time is considered. The potential performance of moving target detection is assessed. It is shown that when detecting low-speed targets, there are optimal scanning speeds at which the probability of correct detection is maximum.

Learning from demonstration approach is gaining interest for programming robot sensory-motor skills. At the same time, most of the works are addressing manipulation scenarios with position-based control, while various application domains and work in dynamic environment require safe and stable physical interaction where assessing proper force/torque profile along motion is crucial. This study is aimed at developing experiment planning and data collection and processing procedure for training robot behavior priors for dynamic interaction tasks. We fuse motion capture and force-torque sensory data within robot-out-of-loop setting to train Gaussian Mixture Model/Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMM/GMR) model as a reference motion generator that takes time and material label as inputs and outputs predicted end-effector’s pose, twist, and interaction wrench vectors. For the case-study we considered experiment setting of cutting three different materials like penoplex, cork, and PVC resulting in 120 demonstrations in total (40 for each material). Algorithms for data processing, GMM/GMR model training and verification have been introduced. We achieved RMSEs of 7.12 and 10.69 % for twist and pose predictions respectively and RMSE of 14.33 % for power estimates as a metric to illustrate how accurate twistwrench correspondences have been captured by our model, which is important for interaction tasks.

The problems of studying and calculating the parameters of a curved photosensitive surface of the receiver, matched with a common normal lens, are solved. Lenses with a given image field of medium size are considered normal. Lenses with different shapes of the image surface are analyzed. Using the least squares method, an equation for the approximating function of the curve corresponding to the shape of the image surface of the selected lens is obtained. Diagrams of the deformation strength of the object are constructed to assess the strength characteristics of the photosensitive surface of the curvilinear receiver. The curved photosensitive surface of the receiver reduces the influence of field curvature aberration in the selected lens, diminishes the size of scattering spots at the edge of the field by half, and therefore ensures the best quality image. Results of numerical modeling may be applied in the design of technology for manufacturing a curved photosensitive surface, as well as in agreeing on the permissible values of deviations that appear during the development process. The considered sequence for calculating the receiver curved photosensitive surface parameters can be used in the design of optical systems and receiving modules to simplify the creation of an image on the photosensitive surface of the receiver and reduce the influence of field curvature without the implementation of lens compensators.

The optical parameters of holographic storage media obtained from different manufacturers are studied using the method of spectral analysis. In scientific practice, recording media (photographic plates and films) are used for holography, which provide highly accurate informative results of experiments. An optical diagram of the automated spectrometer is presented, and its technical characteristics are presented. The spectral dependences of the absorption coefficient on the light wavelength are obtained. The experimental results are analyzed and recommendations for the use of these photographic materials are given.

Studied methods for measuring the threshold sensitivity of pyroelectric receivers are make it possible to minimize hardware measurement errors. The possibility of measuring the threshold sensitivity of pyroelectric receivers using a compact measurement circuit with a single optical element - a limiting diaphragm - is experimentally confirmed. The measurement scheme is based on the use of a “camera obscura” type projection system. The proposed measurement scheme allows to minimize measurement errors due to the absence of optical elements that distort the energy and spectral characteristics of radiation, as well as the absence of signal distortion when radiation propagates in air due to the compactness of the measuring circuit.

A variant of a ball flowmeter of an electrically conductive liquid with four electrodes and a balanced circuit is presented, which ensures the initial balance of the converter circuit. Results of development work on the creation of ball flowmeters of electrically conductive liquid intended for automation of production processes and the social sphere of the economy are presented - the use of such flowmeters in heat power engineering, the food and pharmaceutical industries is especially promising. The developed ball flowmeters of electrically conductive liquid have a common design feature. They use a ball with zero buoyancy in a liquid and a helical jet guide apparatus with a coaxially located annular channel. The configuration of the jet guide apparatus is designed in such a way as to minimize energy losses of the moving fluid and prevent breakdowns and turbulence of the fluid at the entrance to the annular channel. The electronic circuit of the primary flow transducer generates an output signal in the form of a rectangular pulse repetition rate proportional to the liquid flow rate.

The possibility of manufacturing mirror optical elements and structural elements from a new material - armored glass ceramics - is shown. The use of armored glass ceramics ensures protection of optical-electronic devices from mechanical damage by high-speed objects. The technology for producing armored glass ceramics is considered and experiments are carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of improving technology in order to obtain armored glass ceramics that is transparent in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges.